| List of Resources / References
[Note: List does not include UN Security Council resolutions]
Damrosch, Lori Fisler. "The Civilian Impact of Economic Sanctions," in Lori Fisler Damrosch, Ed. Enforcing Restraint: Collective Intervention in Internal Conflicts. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1993.
Garfield, Richard. The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Health and Well-being. Network Paper 31 of the Relief and Rehabilitation Network (RRN). London: Overseas Development Institute, November 1999. http://www.reliefweb.int/library/documents/Networkpaper.pdf
Hufbauer, Gary Clyde, Kimberly Ann Elliott, Tess Cyrus and Elizabeth Winston. U.S. Economic Sanctions: Their Impact on Trade, Jobs and Wages. Working Paper of the Institute for International Economics. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1997.
Inter-Agency Standing Committee Working Group on Sanctions. Status Report: Research on Economic Sanctions and Humanitarian Impacts. Geneva: IASC, 15 November 1996.
International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL). Meeting on "Humanitarian Consequences of Embargo Measures," 12-13 May 1995. Working Paper prepared by the International Institute of Humanitarian Law.
Machel, Gra ¸a. "Sanctions," Chapter E in, Impact of Armed Conflict on Children: Report Of The Expert Of The Secretary-General, Ms. Graça Machel, Submitted Pursuant to General Assembly resolution 48/157. UN Doc. A/51/306. New York: United Nations, 26 August 1996.
United Kingdom House of Commons, International Development Committee. The Future of Sanctions: Second Report of the International Development Committee. Session 1999-2000. London: U.K. House of Commons, 27 January 2000.
Van Brabant, Koenraad. "Humanitarian Impacts and the Humanitarian Argument," Chapter 2 in, Can Sanctions be Smarter? The Current Debate. Report of a Conference held in London, 16-17 December 1998. London: Overseas Development Institute, May 1999. http://www.smartsanctions.ch/Papers/odireport.pdf
Von Braunmoehl, C. and M. Kulessa. The Impact of UN Sanctions on Humanitarian Assistance Activities. Report of a study commissioned by the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs. Berlin: Gesellschaft f òr Communication Management Interkultur Training mbH - COMIT, December 1995.
Bamberger M, Ed. Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research in Development Projects. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000.
National Research Council, Roundtable on the Demography of Forced Migration, Committee on Population. Demographic Assessment Techniques in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science, 2002.
Patton M.Q. Utilization-focused Evaluation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.
Elliott, Kimberly Ann. Methodology and Criteria for Evaluating the Impact of Economic Sanctions on Target States. Background Paper prepared for the UN Experts Group on Sanctions, Department for Economic and Social Information Policy Analysis. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, June 1997.
Hoskins, Eric. The Impact of Sanctions: A Study of UNICEF's Perspective. New York: UNICEF Office of Emergency Programmes, February 1998.
Minear, L., D. Cortright, J.Wagler, G. Lopez, and T. Weiss. Towards More Humane and Effective Sanctions Management: Enhancing the Capacity of the United Nations System. Occasional Paper No. 31 of the Thomas Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies. Providence, RI: Brown University, 1998. http://hwproject.tufts.edu/publications/electronic/e_op31.pdf
Weiss, T. D. Cortright, G. Lopez, and L. Minear. Political Gain and Civilian Pain: Humanitarian Impacts of Economic Sanctions. Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 1997. http://hwproject.tufts.edu/publications/electronic/e_pgacp.html
Campbell, Donald T. and Julian C. Stanley. Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966.
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Craven, Matthew. "Humanitarianism and the Quest for Smarter Sanctions." European Journal of International Law 13 No. 1 (2002) : 43-61.
Graf Sponeck, H.C. "Sanctions and Humanitarian Exemptions: A Practitioner's Commentry." European Journal of International Law 13 No. 1 (2002) : 81-87.
O'Connell, Mary Ellen. "Debating the law of Sanctions." European Journal of International Law 13 No. 1 (2002) : 63-79.
Bossuyt, Marc. The Adverse Consequences of Economic Sanctions on the Enjoyment of Human Rights, Working Paper prepared for the Commission On Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2000/33 Geneva: UN Economic and Social Council, 21 June 2000.
Green, Marie. "What we Talk About When we Talk about Indicators: Current Approaches to Human Rights Measurement." Human Rights Quarterly 23 (2001) : 1062-1097.
Lopez, George A. and David Cortright. "Economic Sanctions and Human Rights: part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?" International Journal of Human Rights 1 No 2. (Summer 1997) : 1-25.
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, The Relationship Between Economic Sanctions and Respect for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 8 (1997) on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Seventeenth Session of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 17 November - 5 December 1997.
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. The Human Rights Impact of Economic Sanctions on Iraq. Backround paper, prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights for the meeting of the Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs. Geneva: UN OHCHR, 5 September 2000.
DAC, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Guidance for Evaluating Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies. OECD: 1999.
Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA). List of Indicators - Humanitarian Early Warning System. New York: United Nations DHA, April 1994.
Department for International Development (DfID). Conducting Conflict Assessments: Guidance Notes. London: DfID, 2002.
Frerks G, Hilhorst D. Evaluation of Humanitarian Assistance in Emergency Situations. Disaster studies, Rural development, sociology group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. Working paper # 52: 2002.
Hallam, Alistair. Evaluating Humanitarian Assistance Programmes in Complex Emergencies. Good Practice review No. 7 of the Relief and Rehabilitation Network (RRN). London: Overseas Development Institute, 1998.
International Labour Office (ILO). [Manual for] ILO Rapid Needs Assessment in Crisis and Post-crisis Situations. Recovery and Reconstruction Dept. of the ILO, (Draft) April 2001.
International Labour Office (ILO) InFocus Programme. ILO Rapid Needs Assessment in Crisis and Post-crisis Situations. Recovery and Reconstruction Dept. of the ILO, March 2001.
United Nations. Guidelines: Common Country Assessment (CCA). New York: United Nations, April 1999.
United Nations. Common Country Assessment and United Nations Development Assistance Framework: Integrated Guidelines. New York: United Nations, 22 May 2002.
Valadez J. and M. Bamberger. Monitoring and Evaluating Social Programs in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1994.
Wood A., R. Apthorpe and J. Borton. Evaluating International Humanitarian Action. London: Zed Books, 2001.
World Health Organisation (WHO). Catalogue of Health Indicators: A Selection of Important Health Indicators Recommended by WHO Programmes. WHO/HST/SCI/96.8 Geneva: WHO, 1996.
Overview over UN documents and statements pertaining to humanitarian implications of UN sanctions
Bruderlein, Claude. Coping with the Humanitarian Impact of Sanctions: An OCHA Perspective. New York: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, December 1998. http://www.reliefweb.int/ocha_ol/pub/sanctions.html or http://www.smartsa nctions.ch/Papers/OCHAPerspective.pdf
Boutrous-Ghali, Boutrous. Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary-General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations. A/50/60-S/1995/1. New York: United Nations General Assembly, 3 January 1995. http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/51/a51r242.htm
United Nations Department of Political Affairs. A Brief Overview of Security Council Applied Sanctions. An informal background paper prepared by the United Nations Sanctions Secretariat for, Smart Sanctions, The Next Step: Arms Embargoes and Travel Sanctions. Second Expert Seminar, Berlin, December 3-5, 2000. New York: DPA, 2000.
OSSG - Office of the Spokesman of the United Nations Secretary General (regarding Sanctions)
United Nations Security Council. Letter Dated 13 April 1995 from the Permanent Representatives of China, France, The Russian Federation, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and The United States of America to the United Nations Addressed to the President of the Security Council. UN Doc. S/1995/300. New York: United Nations, 13 April 1995.
United Nations Security Council. Statement dated 29 December 1997 by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee to the Security Council on the Humanitarian Impact of Sanctions. Annex to S/1998/147, Letter Dated 20 February 1998 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council. New York: United Nations, 23 February 1998.
United Nations Security Council. 4128 th Meeting of the Security Council: General Issues Relating to Sanctions. UN Doc. S/PV.4128. New York: United Nations, 17 April 2000.
United Nations Security Council. Note by the President of the Security Council: Work Of The Sanctions Committees. UN Doc. S/1999/92. New York: United Nations, 29 January 1999.
United Nations Security Council Santions Committee
Cortright, David and George A. Lopez, with Linda Gerber. Sanctions and the Search for Security: Challenges to UN Action. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.
Cortright, David and George A. Lopez. The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000.
Semple, Michael. Vulnerability and Humanitarian Implications of UN Security Council Sanctions in Afghanistan. Islamabad: Office of the UN Coordinator for Afghanistan, December 2000.
United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Humanitarian Implications of the Measures Imposed by Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1333 (2000) on Afghanistan. UN Doc. S/2001/241. New York: United Nations, 20 March 2001.
United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Humanitarian Implications of the Measures Imposed by Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1333 (2000) on Afghanistan. UN Doc. S/2001/695. New York: United Nations, 13 July 2001.
United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Humanitarian Implications of the Measures Imposed by Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1333 (2000) on the Territory of Afghanistan under Taliban Control. UN Doc. S/2001/1086. New York: United Nations, 19 November 2001.
United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on the Humanitarian Implications of the Measures Imposed by Security Council Resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1333 (2000) on the Territory of Afghanistan under Taliban Control. UN Doc. S/2001/1215. New York: United Nations, 18 December 2001.
U.S. Department of State. Fact Sheet: On Impact of U.N. Sanctions on Afghan People - Humanitarian Impact of the United Nations Sanctions on the Taliban. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of State, 5 December 2000.
Bruderlein, C. and P. Erhardy. DHA Report on Regional Sanctions Against Burundi. New York: Department of Humanitarian Affairs, November 1997.
Hoskins, Eric, and Samantha Nutt. The Humanitarian Impacts of Economic Sanctions on Burundi. Occasional Paper No. 29 of the Thomas Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies. Providence, RI: Brown University, 1997.
Mthembu-Salter, Gregory. An Assessment of Sanctions against Burundi. London: ActionAid, May 1999.
Garfield, Richard. "The Public Health Impact of Sanctions: Contrasting Responses of Iraq and Cuba." Middle East Report No. 215 (Summer 2000) : 16 - 19.
Gibbons, E. and R. Garfield. "The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Health and Human Rights in Haiti, 1991-1994." American Journal of Public Health 89 (1999) : 1499 - 1504.
Harvard University School of Public Health. Sanctions in Haiti: Crisis in Humanitarian Action. Programme on Human Security, Working paper Series. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Center for Population and Development Studies, November 1993.
Akunjee, Muhammed and Asif Ali. "Healthcare under Sanctions in Iraq." Medicine, Conflict and Survival, Issue 18.3 (2002).
Ali, Mohamed M. and Iqbal H. Shah, "Sanctions and Childhood Mortality in Iraq," The Lancet 355 ( May 27, 2000) : 1851-1857. Available at: http://www.thelancet.com/
Baram, Amatzia, "The Effect of Iraqi Sanctions: Statistical Pitfalls and Responsibility." Middle East Journal 54:2 (Spring 2000) : 194-223.
Barnouti, Hazim Naif, "Letter from Iraq: Effect of Sanctions on Surgical Practice." British Medical Journal 313 ( 7 Dec 1996) : 1474-5.
Daponte, Beth Osborne and Richard Garfield. "A Case Study of the Impact of Sanctions on the Health of Civilians: Sanctions against Iraq prior to the 1991 Persian Gulf War." American Journal of Public Health 90 (April 2000) : 546-552.
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Assessment Of The Food And Nutrition Situation: Iraq. Rome: UN-FAO, 2000.
Garfield, Richard. "The Public Health Impact of Sanctions: Contrasting Responses of Iraq and Cuba." Middle East Report No. 215 (Summer 2000) : 16 - 19.
Garfield, Richard. Morbidity and Mortality Among Iraqi Children from 1990 to 1998: Assessing the Impact of Economic Sanctions. Occasional Paper of the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame and the Fourth Freedom Forum. Goshen, Indiana: Fourth Freedom Forum, March 1999.
Halliday, Denis J. "The Impact of the UN Sanctions on the People of Iraq," Journal of Palestinian Studies XXVIII/2 no. 110 (Winter 1999) : 29-37.
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Iraq: A Decade of Sanctions. Geneva: ICRC, 11 January 2000.
International Study Team. Infant and Child Mortality and Nutritional Status of Iraqi Children after the Gulf Conflict. Boston: International Study Team, 1992.
Kirk, Alastair, and Gary Sawdon. Understanding Kurdish Livelihoods in Northern Iraq: Final Report. London: The Save the Children Fund, January 2002.
Simons, Geoff. "Targeting the Powerless," Chapter 3 in, The Scourging of Iraq: Sanctions, Law and Natural Justice. 2 nd. Edition. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. Pp 105 - 173.
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Situation Analysis of Children and Women in Iraq - 1997. Baghdad, Iraq: UNICEF, 1998.
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Situation Analysis of Children in Iraq. Baghdad, Iraq: UNICEF, February 2002.
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & Government of Iraq. Joint Government of Iraq-UNICEF Programme Review 1990-2000: Volume 2, Review Reports, Center & South. Baghdad, Iraq: Government of Iraq-UNICEF, 2001.
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Joint Government of Iraq-UNICEF Programme Review 1990-2000: Volume 3, Review Reports, Northern Iraq. Baghdad, Iraq: UNICEF, 2001.
United Nations Children's Fund/Ministry of Health-Government of Iraq. Child and Maternal Mortality Survey 1999: Preliminary Report. New York: UNICEF, July 1999.
United Nations humanitarian agencies (various). Special Topics on Social Conditions in Iraq. Baghdad: UN-OHCI, 24 March 1999.
United Nations Security Council. Review and Assessment of the Implementation of the Humanitarian Programme Established Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 986 (1995), (December 1996 - November 1998) UN Doc. S/1999/481. New York: United Nations, 28 April 1999.
United Nations Security Council. Report of the Second Panel Established Pursuant to the Note by the President of the Security Council of 30 January 1999 (S/1999/100), Concerning the Current Humanitarian Situation in Iraq. Annex II to UN Doc. S/1999/356. New York: United Nations, 30 March 1999.
World Food Programme (WFP). Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation—Iraq 6085: Assistance to Malnourished Children and their Families, Patients in Hospitals and Residents in Social Institutions. WFP/EB.1/99/7-A/2. Rome: World Food Programme, 21 December 1998.
World Health Organisation (WHO). "Health Situation in Iraq” Paper presented by Dr W. Kreisel, Executive Director, WHO Office of the European Union, at the Hearing: Iraq and the International Community, of the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs, Human Rights, Common Security and Defence Policy Brussels, 26 February 2001.
Zaidi, S. and M. Fawzi, "Health of Baghdad's Children", The Lancet, 346 ( 2 Dec 1995) : 1485.
United Nations Security Council. "Report of the Panel of Experts pursuant to paragraph 22 of Security Council resolution 1521 (2003) concerning Liberia." Annex to: Letter dated 1 June 2004 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1521 (2003) concerning Liberia addressed to the President of the Security Council. UN Doc. S/2004/396. New York: United Nations, 1 June 2004.
United Nations Security Council. "Report of the Panel of Experts pursuant to paragraph 25 of Security Council resolution 1478 (2003) concerning Liberia." Annex to: Letter dated 7 August 2003 from the Acting Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1343 (2001) concerning Liberia addressed to the President of the Security Council. UN Doc. S/2003/779. New York: United Nations, 7 August 2003.
United Nations Security Council. Report of the Secretary-General in pursuance of paragraph 19 of resolution 1478 (2003) concerning Liberia. UN Doc. S/2003/793. New York: United Nations, 5 August 2003.
United Nations Security Council. "Report of the Panel of Experts appointed pursuant to Security Council resolution 1408 (2002), paragraph 16, concerning Liberia." Annex to: Letter dated 24 October 2002 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1343 (2001) concerning Liberia addressed to the President of the Security Council. UN Doc. S/2002/1115. New York: United Nations, 25 October 2002.
United Nations Security Council. Report of the Secretary-General in pursuance of paragraph 13 (a) of resolution 1343 (2001) concerning Liberia. UN Doc. S/2001/939. New York: United Nations, 5 October 2001.
United Nations Security Council. Letter Dated 20 February 1998 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council, Annex (Interim Report of the Inter-Agency Mission to Sierra Leone). UN Doc. S/1998/155. New York: United Nations, 25 February 1998.
Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA). Note Concerning the Possible Humanitarian Impact of the Flight Ban Decided in Security Council resolution 1070 (1996). New York: UN DHA, 1997.
Garfield, Richard. Economic Sanctions, Health and Wellbeing in Yugoslavia, 1990 – 2000. Report published by UN OCHA and UNICEF/Belgrade. New York: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 2001.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Discussion paper on Humanitarian Action in a Sanctions Environment: The Impact of Sanctions Imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the Delivery of Humanitarian Assistance. Paper prepared for Round Table on effectiveness of UN sanctions in the case of the Former Yugoslavia. Geneva: UNHCR, June 1996.
ReliefWeb
IASC - Inter-Agency Standing Committee
UNDG - United Nations Development Group
UNDG CCA - UN Development Group, Common Country Assessment
OCHA - United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
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