| causal model |
A theory that specifies which factors effect in part or determine in full changes in other factors. |
| chain of causation |
A description of how several layers apply in determining how underlying factors lead to effects which in turn lead to other effects |
| criteria of causation |
Tests for judging the strength of the argument that one factor causes another |
| context analysis |
Identification of underlying or pre-existing conditions that may influence the outcomes of interest |
| distal cause |
A factor in a chain of causation that is removed from the final effect |
| human security clusters |
Key dimensions of life in a society that are the focus of assessment, such as education, water, nutrition and health |
| necessary condition |
Where a condition must occur for another condition to result |
| outcome indicator |
A measure, direct or indirect, of a fundamental human, social or biological condition |
| precision |
The quality of being sharply defined or stated, tested by the standard error of measurement. Precision does not imply accuracy |
| process indicator |
A measure, direct or indirect, of an institutional or social process that leads to an outcome |
| proximal cause |
A factor, in a chain of causation, that is closely associated with the final effect, either in time or in how the effect is achieved |
| sufficient condition |
When a factor is enough to drive an outcome by itself |
| reliability |
The degree of stability exhibited when a measurement is repeated under identical conditions. The degree to which the results obtained by a measurement or procedure can be replicated |
| representativeness |
The extent to which a sample is similar to the larger population in question, without bias or error |
| statistical power |
Condition where the size of the sample, or the extent of the evidence observed, is sufficient to allow for conclusions to be drawn about the overall population or society |
